单线程异步

前面几个例子都是多线程实现的异步，但是异步显然不仅仅是多线程的。我们在之前的例子中使用了Sleep来实现时间的等待，每一个计时器都需要使用一个线程，会导致线程切换频繁，这个实现效率很低，平常是不会这样做的。一般游戏逻辑中会设计一个单线程的计时器，我们这里做一个简单的实现，用来讲解单线程异步。

    // example2_3
    class Program
    {
        private static int loopCount = 0;

        private static long time;
        private static Action action;

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"主线程: {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");

            Crontine();

            while (true)
            {
                Thread.Sleep(1);

                CheckTimerOut();

                ++loopCount;
                if (loopCount % 10000 == 0)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine($"loop count: {loopCount}");
                }
            }
        }

        private static void Crontine()
        {
            WaitTimeAsync(5000, WaitTimeAsyncCallback1);
        }

        private static void WaitTimeAsyncCallback1()
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"当前线程: {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}, WaitTimeAsync finsih loopCount的值是: {loopCount}");
            WaitTimeAsync(4000, WaitTimeAsyncCallback2);
        }

        private static void WaitTimeAsyncCallback2()
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"当前线程: {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}, WaitTimeAsync finsih loopCount的值是: {loopCount}");
            WaitTimeAsync(3000, WaitTimeAsyncCallback3);
        }

        private static void WaitTimeAsyncCallback3()
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"当前线程: {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}, WaitTimeAsync finsih loopCount的值是: {loopCount}");
        }

        private static void CheckTimerOut()
        {
            if (time == 0)
            {
                return;
            }
            long nowTicks = DateTime.Now.Ticks / 10000;
            if (time > nowTicks)
            {
                return;
            }

            time = 0;
            action.Invoke();
        }

        private static void WaitTimeAsync(int waitTime, Action a)
        {
            time = DateTime.Now.Ticks / 10000 + waitTime;
            action = a;
        }
    }

这个例子同样实现了一个简单的计时方法，WaitTimeAsync调用时会将回调方法跟时间记录下来，主线程每帧都会调用CheckTimerOut，CheckTimerOut里面判断计时器是否过期，过期了则调用回调方法。整个逻辑都在主线程中完成，同样是异步方法。所以异步并非多线程，单线程同样可以异步。上面的例子同样可以改成await的形式。

    // example2_3_2
    class Program
    {
        private static int loopCount = 0;

        private static long time;
        private static TaskCompletionSource<bool> tcs;

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"主线程: {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");

            Crontine();

            while (true)
            {
                Thread.Sleep(1);

                CheckTimerOut();

                ++loopCount;
                if (loopCount % 10000 == 0)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine($"loop count: {loopCount}");
                }
            }
        }

        private static async void Crontine()
        {
            await WaitTimeAsync(5000);
            Console.WriteLine($"当前线程: {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}, WaitTimeAsync finsih loopCount的值是: {loopCount}");
            await WaitTimeAsync(4000);
            Console.WriteLine($"当前线程: {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}, WaitTimeAsync finsih loopCount的值是: {loopCount}");
            await WaitTimeAsync(3000);
            Console.WriteLine($"当前线程: {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}, WaitTimeAsync finsih loopCount的值是: {loopCount}");
        }

        private static void CheckTimerOut()
        {
            if (time == 0)
            {
                return;
            }
            long nowTicks = DateTime.Now.Ticks / 10000;
            if (time > nowTicks)
            {
                return;
            }

            time = 0;
            tcs.SetResult(true);
        }

        private static Task WaitTimeAsync(int waitTime)
        {
            TaskCompletionSource<bool> t = new TaskCompletionSource<bool>();
            time = DateTime.Now.Ticks / 10000 + waitTime;
            tcs = t;
            return t.Task;
        }
    }

上面这个例子所有调用全部在主线程中完成，并且使用了await，因此await并不会开启多线程，await具体用没用多线程完全取决与具体的实现